Tuesday, June 26, 2012

Arizona police see "difficulties" enforcing immigration law

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Why do fat cells get fat? New suspect ID'd

Monday, June 25, 2012

As the world fights obesity at the human level, scientists at the University of Michigan and their colleagues have made a surprising finding at the microscopic level that could help fuel that fight.

Their work helps explain why fat-storing cells get fatter, and burn fat slower, as obesity sets in. If their findings from mice can be shown to apply to humans, they may provide a new target for obesity-fighting drugs.

By studying the tiny signals that fat-storing cells send to one another, the team has shown a crucial and previously unknown role for a molecule called Sfrp5.

The results, which appear online today and will be in the July issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, surprised them.

In a series of experiments, the team showed that Sfrp5 influences a signaling pathway known as WNT to stimulate fat cells ? called adipocytes ? to grow larger and to suppress the rate at which fat is burned in the mitochondria inside them.

By stopping cells from making Sfrp5, they were able to make mice that didn't get as fat as quickly because their adipocytes didn't grow large ? even when the mice were fed a high-fat diet. They even showed the impact when transplanting fat from Sfrp5?deficient mice into other mice.

The research was performed with National Institutes of Health funding in the U-M Medical School laboratory of Ormond MacDougald, Ph.D., the Faulkner Professor in the Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, a professor of internal medicine and a member of U-M's Brehm Center for Diabetes Research.

Working with postdoctoral fellow and first author Hiroyuki Mori, Ph.D., and colleagues, MacDougald says the team built on its previous findings about the importance of WNT signaling in fat cell development.

"WNT signaling plays a crucial role in regulating, and inhibiting, white fat cell growth and the recruitment of new cells to store fat," he explains. "But it appears that in obesity, Sfrp5 can interfere with that signaling, and may create a feedback loop that keeps stimulating production of more of itself."

He notes that the new results contradict previous work published by another group, which found essentially the opposite role for Sfrp5. A commentary accompanying the new U-M paper, by scientists from Denmark, notes the strong evidence behind the new findings and emphasizes the importance of further research on the topic.

MacDougald and his team zeroed in on Sfrp5 after years of studying WNT signaling between adipocytes. They and other teams had already seen that the amounts of Sfrp5 produced within fat tissue were higher in obese animals.

They were able to breed mice that could not make the molecule, and expected to see that these mice resisted obesity because they couldn't convert more cells into adipocytes to store excess fat from their high-fat diet.

But instead, they found that the mice without Sfrp5 did have just as many fat cells as other mice -- but that these cells didn't accumulate fat and grow bigger. As a result, the mice didn't get fat, no matter how rich their diet.

Looking more closely at Sfrp5-deficient mice, they saw a surge of activity in expression of genes related to mitochondria ? the furnaces inside cells that burn fat or other fuel to power cell activity. It was as if the furnaces had been stoked when Sfrp5 wasn't present, so fat could be burned at a higher rate than normal.

"From our results, we believe that Sfrp5 is an important moderator of mitochondrial activity, the first time this has been seen for the WNT signaling pathway in adipocytes," says Mori. "This underscores the complexity of WNT signaling."

In essence, MacDougald says, Sfrp5 poses as a decoy receptor for WNT signals to bind to, keeping them from binding to the receptors on the cell surface that they otherwise would bind to. With WNT signaling reduced, cells store fat and grow larger, and don't burn it as quickly. Then, the cells produce even more Sfrp5, creating the feedback loop that perpetuates the tendency for adipocytes to accumulate lipid.

While pharmaceutical companies are already looking at WNT signaling as a possible target for drugs related to bone formation, the new findings suggest that perhaps the same signaling pathway could be a target for anti-obesity drugs.

But, MacDougald cautions, the findings need to be explored further in both mice and humans. With the obesity epidemic putting hundreds of millions of people at risk of all types of diseases, that research has a special urgency behind it.

###

University of Michigan Health System: http://www.med.umich.edu

Thanks to University of Michigan Health System for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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PFT: What's delay in appeal ruling, Vilma asks

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Since it?s supposed to be a slow week, here?s an item that is best suited for consideration during a slow week.

Colts owner Jim Irsay has taken to Twitter to call me out personally for a joke included at the bottom of a Saturday item regarding Irsay?s position that marketing rights aren?t holding up an eventual contract with quarterback Andrew Luck.

Since most of the latest available pictures of Luck show him wearing a mortar board and a gown tied and draped over his shoulders like an Andy Bernard sweater, and given that the topic of the item was Luck?s marketing rights via the poorly-crafted tweets of Jim Irsay, I closed with this:? ?Luck likely will be free to endorse whatever he wants to endorse, including the use of images of his Stanford graduation to be included in a campaign for online courses aimed at teaching rich, middle-aged white guys how to type legibly on Twitter.?

It was a slap at Irsay?s notorious habit of oft-indecipherable Twitter messages, and using the term ?rich, middle-aged white guys? was aimed at describing Irsay?s overall demographic.

Irsay didn?t see it that way.? On Monday morning, Irsay started the debate with this:

Then, without a response, he said this:

I considered not taking the bait; after all, the guy owns an NFL team.? But like I mentioned above, it?s slow right now.? Also, I wasn?t entirely comfortable with the not-so-subtle effort to suggest that I expect only white people to type legible Twitter message.? (For the record, I expect everyone to type legibly on Twitter.)? Besides, Irsay asked a question.? The least I could do was answer it.

A loyal PFT reader (I knew there was at least one) thereafter responded to the kerfuffle. Irsay then replied to Wes LaFever?s tweet with this:

So, basically, Jim Irsay thinks I?m a racist and I don?t like old people (even though I?m now seven years into the legally-protected class of old people) and I don?t like rich people (even though I?d very much like to be one, someday).

Wow.? He really has cracked the code.

Now if only I could crack the code for interpreting 99.8 percent of his Twitter messages, this job would be a lot easier.

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Monday, June 25, 2012

Fall of Rayn

The Fall of Rayn

Long ago, the peaceful land known as Rayn was violently overtaken by the Kingdom of Ivined. After spending centuries preparing to fight back in secrecy, the Rayens are prepared to wage war to reclaim their land.

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"Who possesses your time also possesses your mind."

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Arya_Hyacinth
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This is really interesting.

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tornadofan2
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themusicguide: Which Major Record Label uses Twitter the Best? http://t.co/ufdtatXe

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Sunday, June 24, 2012

Florida Baptists lead, impact SBC resolutions

Florida Baptists lead, impact SBC resolutions

Jun 22, 2012
By JAMES A. SMITH SR.

NEW ORLEANS (FBW) ? From chairing the committee to submitting and attempting to amend resolutions, to being the subject of a resolution, Florida Baptists played leading roles in New Orleans as the Southern Baptist Convention spoke to significant issues.

Three Florida Baptists submitted resolutions for consideration at the June 19-20 SBC annual meeting, with two statements used as the basis for resolutions recommended by the committee, while the committee declined to act on the other because the concerns it expressed had largely already been addressed.

Jimmy Scroggins, pastor of First Baptist Church in West Palm Beach, was chairman of the 10-member Resolutions Committee after serving as a member of the body last year.

In an interview with Florida Baptist Witness after the committee concluded its work during the June 19-20 SBC annual meeting, Scroggins said serving as chairman was a ?great honor and a great privilege.?

While other messengers are able to enjoy the SBC annual meeting, Scroggins noted members of the Resolutions Committee commit many hours of ?hard labor? to produce the statements messengers act upon.

?It?s interesting because until you?re on the Resolutions Committee you have no idea what they do,? he said.

Members of the body arrived in New Orleans Wednesday evening and worked virtually all day the following three days, resulting in the nine resolutions it proposed, he said. The committee also considers resolutions proposed by Southern Baptists before the annual meeting ? 17 this year.

?I will say that serving on the Resolutions Committee also gives me a greater empathy for those that serve on all of these committees,? Scroggins said. ?Sometimes, from the floor, people are using words like, ?they do this? and ?you guys up on the platform do that.? There?s not a group of us on the platform. I?m just a pastor. I serve on the Resolutions Committee and then I?m off the platform.?

Scroggins noted his committee was comprised of pastors of diverse churches, directors of missions, a seminary professor, and the wife of a pastor.

The goal of the committee, he said, was to ?say some strong things that have meaning? while doing it ?in a way that is irenic, that is conciliatory, that is unity-building.?

Although there was some pre-convention attention to proposed resolutions and he heard from various advocates attempting to gain ?insight? into his views, Scroggins said he didn?t feel any pressure to approve or oppose resolutions.

Scroggins praised Southern Baptists? democratic process, even though ?sometimes people say things that receive ridicule because maybe they?re frivolous or maybe they?re nitpicky.?

Calling it ?great? and ?healthy,? he said, ?I?m grateful for the Baptist principle of democratic rule. ? It may be a little frustrating at times, but I think this is the greatest denomination on the face of the earth and I?m proud to be a part of it.?

Saying the ?conversation? created by the resolutions process is ?good for us,? Scroggins said the statements give Southern Baptists ? both pastors and denominational entities ? ?some ground to stand on when they speak as Southern Baptists,? while noting the resolutions are not binding.

Scroggins? leadership of the committee was widely hailed by Southern Baptists for his ?statesmanship? and graciousness in many tweets following the conclusion of the committee?s work.

LifeWay Christian Resources president Thom Rainer (@ThomRainer) tweeted, ?I nominate @JimmyScroggins as resolutions committee chairman for life,? with Ted Traylor (@tedtraylor), pastor of Olive Baptist Church in Pensacola, tweeting in response, ?SECOND!?

Not everyone, however, was pleased with the Resolutions Committee?s work.

While the committee reported a resolution addressing his resolution in some respects, Ted Wolfe, a lay leader at Central Baptist Church in Melbourne, told the Witness he was ?disappointed by [the committee?s] response, but not surprised.?

Wolfe submitted a lengthy resolution, ?On the Authority of Scripture, God?s Word versus Man?s Word.? The committee reported a considerably shorter resolution, ?On Biblical Scholarship and the Doctrine of Inerrancy,? and noted in its report the statement was related to Wolfe?s resolution.

Although ?very related? to inerrancy, Wolfe said his resolution was really about the authority of the Bible.

?The salient points and arguments were watered down significantly and the emphasis I tried to make was lost, even though there were a few elements preserved just in a different form,? he said.

Wolfe said he was prompted by the Holy Spirit to submit the resolution, concerned by ?more and more evidence of man?s word trumping Scripture,? especially among some evangelical seminary professors.

He cited as an example the book, The End of Christianity, by William Dembski, a philosophy professor at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. Published in 2009 by B&H Academic, the book sparked a debate among scholars at Southwestern and Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, among others. (For more about the debate, see, ?HOW OLD? Age of earth debated among SBC scholars,? Oct. 21, 2010, print edition of Florida Baptist Witness.)

Wolfe said his resolution was ?peer reviewed? by others, including his pastor, ?so I don?t think I stand alone with this concern.?

An attempt from the floor of the convention to amend the committee?s resolution with language to clarify that creation was ?of all matter in six, 24-hour days? was defeated. The committee argued against the change, noting there are Bible-believing scholars who hold to differing views on this matter.

Meanwhile, another resolution offered by a Florida Baptist was, in part, the basis for the committee?s statement addressing the growing debate about Calvinism in SBC life.

Chris Roberts, pastor of Immanuel Baptist Church in Panama City, submitted a resolution, ?On a Spirit of Cooperation in Missions and Evangelism Despite Theological Differences.? The committee?s resolution, ?On Cooperation and the Doctrine of Salvation,? passed overwhelmingly. Roberts spoke in favor of the statement, while no messenger spoke against it.

For more on Roberts? proposed resolution, see, ?Panama City pastor submits SBC resolution seeking ?unity? in midst of Calvinism debates,? in the May 10, 2012, print edition of the Witness.

The Resolutions Committee declined to act on a resolution urging LifeWay Christian Resources to stop selling the movie, ?The Blind Side? because the matter was ?moot,? Scroggins told the Witness.

Rodney Baker, pastor of Hopeful Baptist Church in Lake City, offered a resolution, ?Maintaining Appropriate Content in Products Distributed by LifeWay Christian Bookstores.?

Contacted in early June by the Witness to respond to the proposed resolution, LifeWay initially stood by its 2010 statement defending the movie?s sale. Four days later, however, LifeWay informed the Witness it was pulling the movie. (For more, see, ?LifeWay pulls ?The Blind Side? after pastor submits SBC resolution? in the June 14, 2012, print edition.)

Believing the goal of Baker?s resolution was to ?create conversation? and to get LifeWay to stop selling the movie, Scroggins said the committee ?felt like the purposes of his resolution were already accomplished and that?s why we declined it.?

Florida Baptists also played roles in two other SBC resolutions.

In the resolution, ?On African American Contributions to American Baptist History,? Sid Smith was recognized as ?one of the first African American Southern Baptist denominational leaders in the modern era.? Smith, who died in 2009, was the director of the African American Ministries Division of the Florida Baptist Convention, 1994-2005, when he retired.

Bob Hadley, pastor of Westside Baptist Church in Daytona Beach, sought to amend from the floor the Resolutions Committee?s statement on the sinner?s prayer by adding that salvation is ?available to all who hear the Gospel. All may respond in repentance and faith and be saved.? The amendment was defeated by a show of ballots. (For more about the resolution, see related story.)

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Turkey calls for NATO meeting over Syria

ANKARA, Turkey (AP) ? Turkey is calling on NATO to discuss a response to Syria's downing of a Turkish jet in what Turkish leaders insist was international airspace. The incident has deepened the regional turmoil caused by the conflict in Syria, where reports Sunday said more than a dozen people had died in the latest clashes between rebels and government troops.

The plane wreckage was found Sunday in the Mediterranean at a depth of 3,281 feet (1,000 meters), Turkish state-run TRT television said. The pilots are unaccounted for.

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said the jet was on a training flight to test Turkey's radar capabilities, not spying on Syria. He said the plane mistakenly strayed into Syrian airspace Friday, but was quickly warned to leave by Turkish authorities and was a mile inside international airspace when it was shot down off the coast of Latakia.

Syria insisted Saturday that the shooting was "not an attack" and that the plane had violated its airspace.

TRT reported Davutoglu had called for a special meeting of NATO on Tuesday to discuss Article 4 of the NATO charter in relation to Friday's incident. The article says member countries "will consult together whenever, in the opinion of any of them, the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the parties is threatened."

The plane's downing drew international concern, including from countries pressuring Syrian President Bashar Assad to step aside due to the bloodshed in his country over the past 15 months. Opposition activists say Assad's crackdown on an increasingly armed popular uprising has killed 14,000 people, most of them civilians.

British Foreign Secretary William Hague said Sunday he was "gravely concerned by the Syrian regime's action in shooting down" the plane and that Davutoglu had told him no warning was given.

"This outrageous act underlines how far beyond accepted behavior the Syrian regime has put itself, and I condemn it wholeheartedly," Hague said in a statement. "The Assad regime should not make the mistake of believing that it can act with impunity. It will be held to account for its behavior."

Hague met last week with United Nations and Arab League special envoy Kofi Annan for talks on plans for an international summit, while British officials discussed the issue in Geneva on Saturday with members of Annan's team. Hague noted Sunday that "The UK stands ready to pursue robust action at the United Nations Security Council."

In Syria, state-run SANA news agency said gunmen infiltrating from Turkey clashed with Syrian border guards in Rabiah, a region in the coastal Latakia province. SANA said several infiltrators died in the late Saturday clash, while others reportedly returned to Turkey. It said several Syrian border guards were wounded, but didn't specify how many.

Turkey denies sheltering armed Syrian rebels, although many Syrian refugees have fled to camps on the Turkish side of the border.

Syrian activists, meanwhile, said rebels captured a military base in the northern Syrian province of Aleppo, confiscating large amounts of ammunition. The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said 16 government troops died in the attacks on the base near the rebel-held town of Daret Azzeh and nearby checkpoints early Sunday.

Area activist Mohammed Saeed said the rebels had removed hundreds of artillery shells from the base. Saeed added via Skype that troops retaliated with intense shelling on the area using helicopter gunships.

On Friday, state media said 25 people were kidnapped by "terrorists" and killed in Daret Azzeh. Activists said the 25 killed were pro-regime gunmen known as shabiha.

Also on Sunday, Syrian opposition groups met in Brussels to hash out differences and plan for a democratic transition. The disparate groups are divided over whether outside military intervention would help or hurt and whether to engage in dialogue with Assad's regime. The conference, attended by some 50 people, will continue Monday.

Jordanian Information Minister Sameeh Maaytah, meanwhile, said Sunday that three other Syrian pilots had defected last week, even before a pilot flew his warplane into neighboring Jordan. He said the other three crossed overland into Jordan. He was unsure if the four pilots knew each other or had coordinated their escape from Syria.

___

Associated Press writers Bassem Mroue in Beirut and Jamal Halaby in Jordan contributed to this report.

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